The National Tuberculosis (TB) Programme, also known as the Singapore TB Elimination Programme (STEP), was launched by MOH in 1997 to strengthen the national TB control efforts in response to the then decade-long stagnation in the country's TB incidence rate.

The goals of STEP are to detect all infectious TB cases, to cure all TB cases, to detect and treat all infected contacts, and to prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB.

The STEP Registry administers the National TB notification registry and the national Treatment Surveillance Module which monitors the treatment progress and outcome of all TB cases in the country.

The TB Control Unit (TBCU) functions as the national referral centre for TB evaluation and treatment, for the tracing of treatment defaulters, and for the management of complicated or drug-resistant TB patients. It manages 80% of the country's TB cases, the vast majority of which are treated under Directly Observed Therapy (DOT).  Another major function of the TBCU is the screening of close contacts in households, workplaces and congregate settings (such as schools and prisons) for active and latent TB, and provision of preventive therapy for contacts found to have latent TB infection.